This portable system transforms a personal smartphone into a tool for individual heart function assessment. It consists of:

• Pulse sensor clip
• Wired interface
• Mobile application

Photoplethysmography, used to assess capillary blood filling, employs an optical sensor operating in the infrared range to non-invasively record changes in blood volume within the vessels of the distal phalanx of the finger.

The system's primary function is to record the pulse wave, analyze heart rate variability parameters, and visualize the results in a user-friendly format.

Pulse Sensor Module

• Application activation key: The sensor functions as a hardware key required to launch and operate the mobile application.
• Physiological signal conversion: The optical sensor records changes in blood volume in the finger vessels, which reflect pulse fluctuations. The built-in converter converts the analog signal into digital form for further processing.
• Local data processing: The built-in microprocessor processes and analyzes the received data. The main calculations and analysis are done by the sensor itself for faster and more stable operation of the entire system.

Wired USB Interface

Why wired instead of Bluetooth?

While Bluetooth is a convenient wireless technology, it has several drawbacks that make it less suitable for this application. The choice of a wired interface is driven by the desire to ensure maximum reliability, accuracy, and safety of measurements.

• Reliable Data Transmission: A wired connection provides stable and continuous data transmission without loss or distortion. Bluetooth connections can be susceptible to interference from other wireless devices, which can lead to data transmission interruptions. This is especially important in environments with many wireless devices.
• Artifact Minimization: Wired connections are less susceptible to external interference, which can lead to artifacts in the data. This ensures a cleaner and more reliable signal.
• Absence of Delays: Wired connections provide real-time data transmission without delays. Bluetooth connections can introduce data transmission delays, which may be unacceptable for applications requiring real-time data transfer.
• Energy Efficiency: Wired connections allow the sensor to be powered by the smartphone, eliminating the need for an additional power source in the sensor. Bluetooth sensors require their own power source, which increases their size and weight.
• Electromagnetic Safety: Wired interface operates without generating additional electromagnetic fields (EMF) compared to wireless technologies. This eliminates electromagnetic pollution in sensitive environments. This is an important aspect in terms of the electromagnetic compatibility of devices. Wired devices, unlike Bluetooth, are permitted for use on board passenger aircraft.

Advanced Cardiovascular Rhythm and Autonomic Function Analysis Platform

• This Android application is engineered to provide users with a robust platform for real-time visualization and in-depth analysis of photoplethysmographic data acquired from a connected pulse sensor. It employs advanced signal processing algorithms to derive clinically relevant rhythm and variability parameters, enabling users to perform comprehensive, non-invasive monitoring and analysis of cardiovascular rhythm and autonomic nervous system function.


• Key Features: Real-Time Photoplethysmographic Waveform Visualization and Rhythm Parameter Display and Advanced Cardiovascular Rhythm and Variability Analysis. The application presents a dynamic, real-time display of the photoplethysmographic waveform, allowing users to observe the morphology of peripheral pulse with each cardiac cycle. It simultaneously displays quantitative rhythm parameters, including heart rate , interbeat intervals , and scatter plots illustrating beat-to-beat variability. The application performs sophisticated HRV analysis, calculating time-domain (e.g., SDNN, RMSSD) and frequency-domain (e.g., VLF, LF, HF) parameters. Results are presented in both graphical (e.g., scatter plots, histograms) and textual reports, enabling users to assess autonomic nervous system activity. The application provides detailed numerical values and clinical interpretations of HRV parameters, aiding in the assessment of sympathovagal balance.


• Report Generation: The application allows users to generate reports summarizing acquired data and derived rhythm and variability parameters. Creation of reports for subsequent analysis, with the ability to send results to the attending physician.


• Maintenance of a user database. Saving measurement history for each user. This feature is essential for long-term clinical monitoring .

Resonance Breathing Test

The Breathing Test is a mobile application function that allows for assessing the cardiovascular system's condition using resonant breathing. Resonant breathing is a technique where a person breathes at a frequency of about 6 cycles per minute. This frequency corresponds to the natural resonance of the cardiovascular system. This breathing achieves maximum synchronization between breathing and heart rate, which is reflected in an increase in heart rate variability. Analysis of heart rate variability parameter changes during resonant breathing allows for the detection of early signs of cardiac neuropathy. It is common in people with diabetes and can lead to serious complications. The test allows for assessing how well the cardiovascular system adapts to breathing changes.

• Vagal tone assessment
• Stress response analysis
• Cardiorespiratory synchronization

BioFeedback Module

The module is designed for visualization and control of heart rhythm. The pulse sensor, in real-time, reads heart rate data and converts it into a clear graphical form displayed on the smartphone screen. The graphical field is divided into zones corresponding to normal, elevated, and reduced heart rates. A ball, displaying the current pulse, moves across the graphical field, changing speed and position depending on changes in heart rhythm.

Feedback

The user observes the ball's movement and attempts to control its position using relaxation techniques, breathing exercises, or mental imagery. Visual feedback allows the user to track the effectiveness of their actions in real-time and adjust them.

Learning to control heart rhythm

The module helps the user learn to consciously control their heart rhythm, which can be useful for reducing stress, anxiety, and improving emotional state. Control of heart rhythm promotes activation of the parasympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for relaxation and body recovery. Regular training using BioFeedBack can help improve mood, reduce irritability, and increase stress resistance. In some cases, the module can be used to control conditions such as hypertension, arrhythmia, and other cardiovascular diseases. The module helps the user better understand how their physiological reactions are related to their emotional state. It helps to train the body's adaptive capabilities and improve concentration.

• Real-time HRV coherence training
• Interactive pulse wave monitoring
• Personalized stress management